Diabetes mellitus belongs to the group of endocrine diseases. Pathology develops in the event of violation of production or action on insulin tissues - the hormone of the islet of the pancreas islets, which contributes to the absorption of glucose. Sugar can accumulate in blood (hyperglycemia) and urine (glycosuria).A long violation of the elimination of glucose leads to a disorder of all types of metabolism. The pathology of the islet apparatus often takes place with various severity disorders by other organs and systems. The disarmaments of small vessels, retina, kidneys and nervous system are characteristic.As a rule, diabetes mellitus has fairly pronounced metabolism differences and is easily diagnosed. It is more difficult to identify the disease at the initial and preclinical stage when patient complaints are minimal or absent. This requires an in -depth useful study. Identification of the disease in the early stages is an important condition for effective treatment and prevention prevention.If you have to undergo a complete examination for endocrinopathy or if you are looking for where he cure diabetes mellitus only to professional doctors. Patient services are endocrinologists and laboratories with modern diagnostic equipment for high precision research.
The main symptoms of diabetes mellitusThis disease is characterized by a number of objective complaints and characteristics detected by laboratory diagnostic tests. The first manifestations of diabetes are quite diverse. Separate signs or a group of symptoms that may indicate the disease include: Specific metabolic disorders - Change of body weight, thirst, increase in urination, constant feeling of hunger;Non -specific general complaints - loss of strength, fatigue with minor loads, drowsiness, muscle weakness;Dry skin, itching in the genital area, around the anus;Often recurring bubbles, healing of slow wounds;Painful dry mouth, a feeling of swelling of the oral mucosa;bad state of the teeth, inappropriate at age;Neurites with altered peripheral sensitivity;Change in sexual and reproductive functions - loss of attraction, infertility, birth of large babies;defeat of the vision organs;Cardiovascular system complaints.Often, symptoms do not cause anxiety in the patient, and he does not consider it necessary to consult a doctor. Sometimes any manifestation of the disease is absent and hyperglycemia is only found with a planned exam.The most characteristic of the pathology of the islet apparatus are the complaints of the metabolic: Polyuria (rapid urilation). With hypoininism, urine isolation often occurs in large quantities. Its daily volumes exceed 3 liters. The day urgently prevails, painless.Polydipsia (thirst). Increased thirst is due to dehydration. The amount of fluid intoxication exceeds 3 liters. Often, patients prefer sugary drinks to quench thirst.Change of weight. A decrease in body weight is due to the loss of liquid, protein, fat, carbohydrates. Excess weight can precede the disease or contribute to its development.Polyphage (increased appetite). Preference is given to sweet foods rich in carbohydrates. At the initial stage of the disease, hunger manifests itself more often in the form of painful crises.If pathological signs are at the hospital for diabetics or a diagnostic center for a useful examination.
Factors affecting the development of mealing mellitusIn diabetes development mechanisms, two key points are distinguished, on the basis of which the disease is divided into types:Low production of insulin of pancreatic intra-sensitive cells.Violation of the hormone's ability to act on the body, the immunity of cells to insulin.In the case of insulin products, type 1 diabetes is developing. It is based on the progressive destruction of the islands of Langerganes (intra-regional pancreatic cells). This happens due to autoimmune processes in the body - insulin antibodies, secretory cellular structures and enzymes are produced. The factors caused in the development of autoimmune disorders can be used:viral infections;nutrition violation during pregnancy, during food;unfavorable environmental situation;Stress action.Type 1 diabetes is more often diagnosed in young people. The first manifestations of pathology occur when the death of intra-regional cells reaches more than 80%. The disease proceeds to a high risk of complications, all types of metabolism suffer significantly.Type 2 diabetes occurs with the immunity of tissue receptors in the action of insulin. In this case, the hormone is reproduced in normal or slightly reduced quantities. The mechanism of these violations is associated with the initially lower insulin structure (hereditary predisposition) or with acquired changes, following which the transmission of the signal of receptors to the internal structures of the cell is raped. Cause the development of a type 2 disease:Inappropriate diet, overeating;sedentary lifestyle;hypertension;Alcohol abuse;age -related changes;obesity;Uncontrolled drugs.
Diagnostic diagnostic methodsAccording to statistics, around 2, 5% of the world's population suffers from diabetes. The number of people with latent evolution or predisposed to the disease is much more. Over time, identified hyperglycemia allows you to prevent serious complications.The main method of diagnosing disorders is laboratory tests. The most reliable sign of altered metabolism is an increase in blood sugar with empty stomach by more than 6, 1 mmol / L and 2 hours after meals - more than 11, 1 mmol / L. With doubtful results, a glucosotolerant test is used.People under the age of 45 are recommended to examine blood sugar at least every 3 years. An annual screening examination is necessary for people at risk:obesity;age after 45 years;hereditary predisposition;Increase in glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides.Patients in the group at risk and with an already identified disease need a more in -depth study by laboratory and instrument methods. Equipment in centers or clinics in the treatment of diabetes complies with global diagnostic standards. Modern Clinics offers various diabetes treatment programs to identify metabolic disorders and complications in the early stages. They include:Biochemical blood test (all necessary indicators - glucose, lipid spectrum, protein, transaminase, potassium, urea, creatinine, uric acid, calcium);Clinical blood test;urine analysis;inspection of an ophthalmologist;Duplex analysis of the main arteries of the head;Endocrinologist consultation.The study of the level of glycated hemoglobin in the blood is particularly important for long -term control over glucose (the last 2 to 3 months) and the quality of the quality of therapy. The test is included in the standard of specialized care and must be carried out to all diabetic patients every 3 months.The methodology for determining this indicator requires high quality equipment and data interpretation. In the center of diabetes treatment, modern laboratory equipment allows you to monitor the results with great precision, without the need for re-analysis. Patient services are experienced specialists, a wide diagnostic capacity profile, the latest research and treatment technologies.
Diabetes treatment methodsThere is no effective way to heal completely. Most often, the treatment of diabetes is reduced to the realization of stable indicators of the level of glucose in the blood, the prevention of late complications and normalization of the lipid blood spectrum and the level of blood pressure.All patients must adhere to a diet. It is recommended to limit rapid carbohydrates, to balance the protein ratio (20%), fats (20%) and carbohydrates (60%). The calorie content of food must correspond to physical activity. In mild cases, it is possible to obtain compensation from the pathology using a diet.All patients are trained in self-testimony. The capillary blood sugar level is determined by the patient himself using laptop gluomers. Long -term surveillance of indicators and the effectiveness of treatment is controlled by an endocrinologist.The drug treatment includes taking oral sugar and insulin therapy agents. Indications for insulin replacement therapy:All patients with type 1 diabetes; the ineffectiveness of other types of treatment;signs of decompensation of metabolic disorders;ketoacidosis;intolerance to oral sugar diffusion agents;Distant pancreas.Compensation criteria for metabolic disorders:The level of glycated hemoglobin is less than 7%.Blood glucose on an empty belly without 5, 0 to 6, 5 mmol / L.Blood sugar after 2 hours after a restaurant of 8-10 mmol / L.Glucose in the blood before going to bed - less than 7, 5 mmol / L.Blood cholesterol - less than 4, 8 mmol / L.Triglycerides without 1, 7 to 1, 8 mmol / L.Blood pressure - less than 130/80 mm Hg. Pillar.An important condition for adequate control over the disease is the choice of an experienced specialist. If you have to undergo an examination or treatment of diabetes in a hospital, carefully choose clinics that offer quality and professional services.
